Figure 1 Distribution of Genotype Score and Cumulative Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes According to Genotype Score among Participants in the Framingham Offspring Study. Keywords: cardiovascular risk; Framingham; CRP; carotid intima media thickness; coronary artery calcium score. Cardiovascular disease. Risk-assessment tool, but alternative risk scores are available. Of individuals free of clinical cardiovascular disease. These individuals are then.

Methods A total of 1,225 cancer survivors and 5,196 non-cancer controls who participated in the 2007–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were enrolled. We assessed modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors including smoking, body mass index, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and elevated blood glucose level.

The 10-year probability of cardiovascular disease was determined by applying the Framingham cardiovascular disease risk equation among cancer survivors and non-cancer controls, ranging from 30 to 74 years old who had no overt cardiovascular diseases. Results The proportion of subjects who had higher fasting glucose levels, hemoglobin A1c levels, systolic blood pressure, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and those who had lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was significantly higher in the cancer survivors than in the non-cancer controls. The average 10-year probability of cardiovascular disease among the cancer survivors was higher than that in the non-cancer controls in both men and women. The average 10-year probability of cardiovascular disease in relation to the cancer type was significantly higher in patients with hepatic, colon, lung, breast, and gastric cancer. INTRODUCTION With improvements in cancer screening and treatment, there are cur-rently over 13 million cancer survivors in the Unites States.

In Korea, the estimated number of cancer survivors was more than 1 million, and the 5-year relative survival rate was almost 68% in 2012. Cancer survivors have more co-morbidities and an elevated risk of non-cancer mortality compared to the general population., Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors, following second primary cancer., and the most common cause of non-cancer mortality in cancer survivors, accounting for 31% of these deaths in Korea. There are several factors that increase the risk of CVD among cancer survivors. First, cancer survivors are usually older than the general population. Second, cancer survivors have risk factors that are common for both cancer and CVD (e.g., obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity)., Third, the late cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies (e.g., radiation and chemotherapy) have been associated with increased CVD risk.,,, Fourth, lifestyle changes after cancer treatment (e.g., weight gain and reduced physical activity) may well exacerbate the risk of CVD. Therefore, continuous monitoring and aggressive management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors may reduce some of the CVD burden in cancer survivors. Prior studies have noted suboptimal control of CVD risk factors, such as physical inactivity, smoking habits, and obesity, in cancer survivors., Additionally, recent studies have shown that CVD risk factors are more common among cancer survivors than among the general adult population., However, no studies have examined a large set of CVD risk factors or the anticipated overall CVD burden in adult cancer survivors.

In this study, to emphasize the importance of prevention and management of CVD in cancer survivors, we assessed modifiable traditional CVD risk factors and the risk of future CVD events among cancer survivors in comparison to the general population. Universal Send Pdf Advanced Feature Set Template. Freeware Datenrettung Sd Karte Wiederherstellen. The risk of future CVD events was estimated as the 10-year probability of CVD using the Framingham risk score, derived from the Framingham Heart Study, the most commonly used CVD risk score worldwide., We hypothe-sized that cancer survivors would have a higher CVD risk and 10-year probability of CVD than the control groups.

Data Source The current study was based on data obtained from the 2007–2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV–VI). The KNHANESs are cross sectional nationwide surveys that represent the general Korean population, and are performed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. These surveys use a stratified, multistage probability sampling design according to geographic area, sex, and age group to select a representative sample of the civilian, non-institutionalized Korean population. The KNHANES survey is composed of a health interview, health examination, and nutrition survey. Colchester Triumph 2000 Lathe Parts there. We used data from the health interview and health examination survey that asked questions pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, health status, medical history, and physiological status.